Evaluation of the Work-Related Spinal Issues in Truck Drivers

Objectives Professional truck drivers are exposed to prolonged sitting, constrained postures, and mechanical stress, which may predispose them to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). The study evaluated the prevalence and distribution of spinal postural deviations, pain intensity, functional limitations, and musculoskeletal discomfort among professional truck drivers and explored descriptive variations across categories of work experience. Material and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study included 116 professional truck drivers aged 30-50 years, recruited from transport hubs and roadside locations. Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), spinal posture using the plumb line method, range of motion (ROM) using a goniometer, muscle strength using manual muscle testing (MMT), and regional musculoskeletal discomfort using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results The drivers with 10–15 years of experience were found to exhibit higher pain levels during activity (VAS score of 1.71 ± 0.45 at rest and 4.04 ± 0.69 during activity) compared to those with 5–10 years (VAS score of 1.25 ± 0.82 at rest and 3.67 ± 0.68 during activity). Postural deviations and functional limitations were observed across cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions in both experience groups. Rounded shoulders and forward head posture were most prevalent. Reduced spinal ROM was noted in cervical and thoracolumbar movements. Neck and shoulder regions were the most commonly reported sites of musculoskeletal discomfort. Conclusion Spinal postural deviations, reduced mobility, and musculoskeletal discomfort are common among professional truck drivers. These findings show early functional changes that may appear before severe symptoms and highlight the need for early screening and ergonomic interventions in this occupational group.