“We Must Understand Their Needs First”: Nature-Based Mental Health Programs Are Beneficial and Feasible for Older Adults

Holistic approaches to mental health that go beyond traditional medication-based therapies are often necessary for older adults (OAs). Forest bathing is a nature-based intervention that combines guided walks with mindfulness activities and has emerged as a complementary alternative to conventional therapies that promote mental well-being. However, most existing forest bathing programs are designed for the general population and may not adequately address the specific needs of OAs, particularly those experiencing mental health challenges. This feasibility study explored how forest bathing can be tailored for OAs. Using surveys, interviews, and focus groups with OAs (N = 15) and program delivery partners (N = 9), we found a synergistic effect of combining nature-based interventions with group-based program delivery. The program was seen by OAs as more than a nature experience, emphasizing improved social connection among those who experienced isolation and depression. The results highlight the importance of tailoring program content and delivery to accommodate diverse abilities, preferences, and life circumstances in later life. The study also proposes a practical implementation framework that integrates personal, social, environmental, and institutional dimensions to guide the design, adaptation, and integration of nature-based mental health programs for OAs.