Vehicle-to-grid energy technologies: A patent landscape analysis and technology updates

This study provides a comprehensive patent landscape analysis (PLA) and technology updates on the current state of vehicle to grid (V2G) technology, highlighting recent advancements, innovations, and trends within the patent ecosystem. The analysis includes the integration of V2G systems with smart energy management systems (EMS) strategies, the role of EVs as distributed energy resources, and the impact of V2G on grid stability and renewable energy integration. Key challenges such as battery degradation, cybersecurity threats, and the development of effective optimization algorithms for real-time applications are also discussed. Initially, the Lens database was used to obtain 195 patent articles after several filtering processes. A detailed PLA analysis is provided, including the growth of patents over the year, legal status, inventors of patents, top countries and owners, jurisdictions, top cited patents, co-occurrence network, co-authorship, and co-classification analysis. Moreover, a detailed overview of technology updates on V2G systems, considering grid-connected systems and lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies, is provided. Furthermore, the study demonstrates gaps in existing technologies and provides insights into potential research areas by analyzing the development of V2G-related patent applications. The outcomes demonstrate the potential of V2G technology to transform the energy sector while also highlighting the importance of collaboration among various sectors in overcoming implementation problems.