Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4 and the Transition from Chemical Remineralization to Regenerative Dentistry

This narrative literature review critically evaluates the clinical effectiveness of self-assembling peptide P11-4 as a biomimetic regenerative treatment for non-cavitated enamel lesions. While traditional fluoride-based interventions remain the standard of care for dental caries, this review explores the potential of P11-4 to facilitate scaffold-mediated hydroxyapatite formation and subsurface remineralization. The article synthesizes current research findings across various lesion types, including buccal, occlusal, and inter-proximal caries. It addresses key contradictions within the literature, specifically regarding comparative effectiveness against fluoride varnish, influences of dentition type, and the durability of remineralization outcomes. By identifying significant knowledge gaps and defining the current clinical boundaries of P11-4 application, this review highlights the critical transition in modern dentistry from traditional restorative intervention to minimally invasive, biomimetic regenerative strategies. This work provides a comprehensive overview for dental researchers, clinicians, and academic professionals investigating advanced caries management.