Overlapping gut microbiome signatures in aging and disease are characterized by enrichment of medication‐associated oral microbes in the gut

Biological aging is associated with gut microbiome alterations, including depletion of commensals and enrichment of disease-linked pathobionts. However, the extent to which these changes overlap with disease-associated microbiome signatures remains unclear. Here, we re-examined 45 454 gut microbiomes (141 studies) to quantify overlap between aging-associated microbiome alterations and six major diseases. Cardiometabolic diseases showed the greatest overlap, followed by colorectal cancer. We identified 15 microbes enriched with aging and depleted in health, of which > 50% belonged to oral-associated Streptococcus, Veillonella and Rothia clades. Review of two population-level cohorts (6029 subjects) revealed reproducible associations between these microbes and seven cardiometabolic disease-linked medications. We further discuss their medication associations and propose strategies to deconfound medication- and disease-associated microbiome signatures in aging studies.