The Evolution and Intellectual Structure of Foot Reflexology Research: A Bibliometric and Science Mapping Study (1915–2025)

Objectives To map the scientific production, conceptual structure, and research trends in foot reflexology using bibliometric and science mapping techniques. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted following the Preliminary Guideline for Reporting Bibliometric Reviews of the Biomedical Literature as the primary reporting framework, informed by the Guidelines for Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Reviews for the analytical workflow and science mapping procedures. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on May 3, 2026, up to December 31, 2025. Data were extracted, merged, and harmonized using standardized procedures. Analyses were conducted using bibliometrix and VOSviewer, applying performance indicators, collaboration networks, citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence mapping. Temporal trends were assessed with high-frequency keywords. Results A total of 2,879 documents were included. Scientific production increased steadily from 1915 to 2025, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.53%. Output was concentrated in complementary medicine journals, particularly Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice and Complementary Therapies in Medicine. The United States and the United Kingdom were the main citation hubs, with the United States leading in total citations. Collaboration networks showed a semi-centralized structure with distributed leadership. Conceptual mapping identified themes centered on symptom management, complementary medicine, and oncology supportive care, with a shift toward symptom-specific outcomes and greater emphasis on evidence synthesis. Conclusions Foot reflexology research has evolved into a clinically oriented field with a defined intellectual structure. Despite expanding global participation, output and citation impact remain concentrated in specific countries and specialized journals. Greater methodological standardization and high-quality trials are needed.