Improving Performance and Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multihop Routing

This study introduces an optimization-based approach to improve the longevity and energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) while ensuring comprehensive target coverage. The suggested method categorizes sensor nodes into separate coverage sets to decrease duplicate data transmission and lower total energy consumption. During each operational period, a single coverage set is active, and a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is employed to optimize the selection of cluster heads and multi-hop routing. The model concurrently addresses clustering, routing, and variable sensing radii to enhance energy distribution among nodes. Simulation results indicate that the suggested strategy markedly prolongs network longevity compared to traditional strategies, such as T-LEACH. The analysis of the influence of differing coverage set quantities on network performance indicates that an optimal number of sets achieves a balance between energy conservation and effective coverage. The research presents an enhanced energy consumption model that incorporates both sensing and communication expenses. In comparison to baseline techniques, the proposed framework attains more consistent energy utilization and facilitates extended network operation without compromising monitoring precision. The amalgamation of coverage-aware scheduling, energy-aware clustering, and efficient routing offers a comprehensive solution for extending the lifespan of WSNs, with applicability in energy-limited monitoring applications.