Fluid–Structure Interaction Effects of Flexible Fins on Laminar Channel Heat Transfer

ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of vortex generators (VGs) in enhancing heat transfer in different laminar flow regimes, including those in thermal engineering and industrial applications. Vortex generators, which induce controlled vortical structures within the flow, have proven to significantly increase the thermal performance of the system, such as heat exchangers and cooling systems. The paper synthesizes key experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies on the mechanisms by which VGs disrupt boundary layers, increase turbulence, and enhance mixing, leading to higher heat transfer. Attention is given to the design parameters of VGs, such as size, angle, and spacing, and their impact on flow dynamics and thermal performance. Furthermore, the review explores the trade‐offs between heat transfer augmentation and pressure drop, offering insights into the optimal design and application of VGs across different flow regimes. This paper also numerically investigates the impacts of the solid and flexible fins in a heated walls channel. The results reveal that flexible fins induce a dramatic increase in skin friction, up to 40 times higher than fixed fins, due to strong fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and enhanced near‐wall mixing. This behavior underscores their potential for substantial convective heat transfer enhancement. However, the associated rise in frictional losses highlights the need for careful optimization of fin stiffness and motion to achieve a balance between thermal performance and hydraulic efficiency.