Health‐Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among Patients With Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Replacement: A Cross‐Sectional Study

AIM: The use of bioprosthetic heart valves has significantly increased in recent years due to the aging population and advances in technology. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the long-term HRQoL of patients after bioprosthetic heart valve replacement and its relationship with comprehensive treatment adherence and family support. The aim of this study was to assess the HRQoL of patients after bioprosthetic heart valve replacement and further identify its influencing factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed. METHODS: A total of 323 patients who had undergone bioprosthetic heart valve replacement were recruited from a large-scale tertiary hospital in China between March 2021 and March 2022. The EuroQoL Scale (EQ-5D-5L), Treatment Adherence Scale, and Family Support Scale were used to collect the data. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.92, and more than half of the patients (53.6%) reported health-related problems. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed that patients with respiratory disease (OR = 2.46, 95% CI [1.23, 4.89]) and heart failure (OR = 3.79, 95% CI [1.12, 12.83]) were risk factors for HRQoL. Treatment adherence (OR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.83, 0.94]) was a protective factor for HRQoL. Family support was not associated with HRQoL (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [0.97, 1.18]). CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing bioprosthetic heart valve replacement reported various health-related problems. Patients who had respiratory disease or heart failure and had lower treatment adherence reported lower HRQoL. IMPACT: Nurses should pay particular attention to HRQoL assessment, treatment adherence, and comorbidity management in routine care and long-term follow-up after bioprosthetic heart valve replacement. REPORTING METHOD: The study followed the STROBE checklist. CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.