Extracellular Vesicles in Wearable Delivery Systems for Cosmeceutical Applications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted increasing interest in cosmeceuticals due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and skin-repairing properties. However, conventional topical and injectable EV delivery approaches are often limited by poor skin penetration, instability, and inconsistent bioavailability. This review summarizes recent advances in wearable-assisted EV delivery systems for cosmetic and dermatological applications, with particular emphasis on transdermal delivery strategies, sustained release, and personalized skin monitoring. Wearable platforms, including microneedle patches, hydrogels, iontophoretic devices, and stimuli-responsive systems, may improve EV retention, transdermal transport, and localized delivery compared with conventional topical formulations. Different EV sources and wearable formats are discussed together with their advantages, formulation considerations, and translational limitations. Despite these opportunities, challenges related to EV stability, scalable production, regulatory classification, and long-term safety remain important barriers to clinical and commercial translation. Continued advances in biomaterials, wearable electronics, and formulation strategies may further support the development of EV-enabled personalized skincare systems.