Ayurvedic Perspective of Autoimmune Diseases: A Conceptual Review

Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of chronic disorders characterised by the immune system's inability to distinguish self from non-self, resulting in tissue destruction and functional impairment. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases has increased significantly worldwide, creating substantial healthcare challenges. Although Ayurveda does not explicitly describe autoimmune diseases, their pathogenesis can be understood through the concepts of Agni, Ama, Dosha, Dhatu, Srotas, Ojas, and Vyadhikshamatva. Agnimandya leads to Ama formation, which initiates Dosha vitiation, Srotorodha, Dhatu Dushti, and ultimately Ojas impairment. This review explores autoimmune diseases from an Ayurvedic perspective and discusses their etiopathogenesis, Samprapti Ghataka, diagnosis, and management. Ayurvedic interventions, including Nidana Parivarjana, Deepana-Pachana, Panchakarma, Rasayana therapy, dietary regulation, and lifestyle modifications, offer a holistic approach to immune regulation and disease management.