The role of cultural diplomacy in advancing sustainable development goals 16 and 17

Abstract The achievement of sustainable global governance relies not only on legal and political frameworks, but also on the effective use of cultural diplomacy and strategic communication. This paper examines how cultural diplomacy, when strategically aligned with communication practices, contributes to the implementation of sustainable development goals 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions) and 17 (partnerships for the goals). Drawing on a multidisciplinary approach and using a multiple case study method, the paper analyses four initiatives from Africa and Latin America to investigate how locally embedded cultural programs promote inclusive governance and cross-sectoral cooperation. The cases illustrate three dominant patterns: the use of art-based empowerment narratives, community-led dialogues, and institutional collaborations. These practices highlight the growing role of non-state actors – NGOs, artists, educators, and grassroots leaders – in advancing diplomatic aims beyond the state apparatus. The analysis reveals that cultural diplomacy, when supported by participatory and narrative-aware communication strategies, can enhance trust, legitimacy, and institutional resilience in fragile or divided societies. The study contributes to existing literature by proposing an integrated conceptual framework that links cultural practice with specific SDG targets and mechanisms. It challenges traditional, state-centric models of diplomacy and underlines the importance of strategic communication – such as narrative framing and stakeholder engagement – as a critical component of development-oriented cultural initiatives. By connecting theory with practice, the paper offers both analytical insights and actionable reflections for policy makers and practitioners working at the intersection of culture, diplomacy, and sustainable development.