Readiness for blockchain technology adoption in higher education institutions: evidence from an integrated model

Purpose The growing need for transparent, secure and efficient data management in higher education institutions (HEIs) has increased interest in adopting emerging technologies such as blockchain. Therefore, this study aims to examine how technological, organizational and environmental readiness factors influence the intention to adopt blockchain in private HEIs in Indonesia by integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a quantitative approach based on 162 valid questionnaires collected from private HEIs in Indonesia. Respondents were purposively selected from top management. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Findings Perceived usefulness (PU) positively influences adoption intention. Accounting information and top management positively enhance PU, while competitive pressure positively affects adoption intention. In contrast, complexity does not have a significant effect on either PU or adoption intention, and top management support does not have a significant effect on adoption intention. Practical implications The findings suggest that private HEIs should focus on demonstrating the tangible benefits of blockchain, particularly for improving operational efficiency, service quality and accounting information quality, as PU is the primary driver of adoption intention. Originality/value This study advances the literature by integrating TAM and TOE to explain blockchain adoption in higher education, a context rarely explored in technology adoption research. It offers both theoretical insight and practical guidance for improving institutional readiness in emerging economies.