Comparative Evaluation of Craniofacial, Dental Arch, and Airway Morphology among Snorers and Nonsnorers in Indian and Ethiopian Adults

IntroductIonA patient requires orthodontic treatment, facial and dental appeal represent significant elements of quality of life.Enhancing appearance and social acceptance are often the main concerns for patients rather than their oral function or health.Elevating these aspects of quality of life is a prime objective for undergoing orthodontic treatment. 1he sound produced when a person breathes while asleep is known as snoring, and it is caused by the turbulence of air moving through a partially obstructed airway.One of the most significant clinical signs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is thought to be snoring. 1Snoring prevalence estimates in the general population range from 16 to 89%.The disparities in the populations examined, research design, investigations carried out, ethnic group, age, and sex of the individuals all contribute to this vast variation. 2,3noring is potentially related to an increase in body mass index (BMI), cigarette consumption, ethnic differences, infections, and hypertension.Moreover, several patients develop neurobehavioral and cognitive dysfunction, lack of concentration, impaired memory, and mood changes such as irritability and depression. 4This can lead to impaired work performance and can have a significant effect on quality of life.A much easier and more efficient process for screening snoring is the use of a questionnaire.The Berlin Questionnaire is a recognized questionnaire that came to light as an outcome 1,