Effect of Basal Plane Angle and Gender on Anchorage Loss and Overbite Correction: A Retrospective Cephalometric Study

dentoalveolar compensation are typical features of patients having a horizontal growth pattern [low basal plane (LBP) angle]. 6ue to these key features during orthodontic biomechanics, the IntroductIonThe primary objective of orthodontic treatment is to achieve functional occlusion, optimum arch alignment, and facial integrity while maintaining stability of the craniofacial structures.Open bite and deep bite are considered challenging malocclusions to treat using orthodontics, as these discrepancies are mainly related to skeletal growth patterns and vertical proportions. 1 The basal plane angle-angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane (PP-MP)-is a significant cephalometric variable that is mainly used to analyze the vertical skeletal pattern of patients.Based on the PP-MP angle, facial skeletal patterns are differentiated into low-angle, average, and high-angle, which are horizontal growers, average growers, and vertical growers, respectively. 2The biomechanics of orthodontic therapy are significantly impacted by growth patterns, especially the anchorage management and vertical tooth movement. 3n orthodontics, anchorage control is crucial as it prevents unwanted tooth movement and favors precise tooth movement.Midline diastema, space closure, anterior (incisors) retraction, and open bite correction demand high anchorage; mesial movement of the anchor tooth, that is, loss of anchorage, compromises the treatment objective. 4Loss of anchorage depends on many biological and mechanical factors, including bone density, periodontal ligament response, musculature, and treatment mechanics. 5rior research demonstrated that a vertical facial pattern affects how teeth and supporting tissues react to orthodontic treatment.Strong musculature, thicker cortical bone, and reduced vertical 1,