Locating Moonquakes With Single‐Station Seismology

Abstract Renewed international interest in lunar seismometer deployments requires robust single‐station location approach for the highly scattering Moon's crust. We present an event‐location strategy using major lunar event types recorded by the Apollo seismic network. Frequency‐dependent polarization analysis provides P ‐wave back‐azimuth and incidence, which, combined with S – P differential times, enables event localization despite strong scattering. Artificial impacts with known source locations show that epicenter and depth are recovered within 1‐ uncertainty when signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) exceeds 2. Natural events with SNR >2 are likewise consistent with previously reported multi‐station locations, demonstrating robust performance across event types. For all events, azimuthal misfit strongly correlates with SNR and shows no systematic dependence on crustal path length. P ‐wave inclination separates deep moonquake nests from shallow events and provides complementary sensitivity to Apollo‐site regolith thickness and seismic wavespeed. This approach is directly applicable to forthcoming lunar missions.