A Study of Port Digital Transformation in Vietnam Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Digital transformation is playing a key role at Vietnam's major seaports through process automation, optimized berth, yard, and equipment planning, increased real-time transparency, and reduced waiting times, costs, risks, and emissions. This process shifts value from expanding physical infrastructure to leveraging data and making synchronized decisions. This study uses the AHP methodology with a pairwise group-level comparison matrix to determine weights and rankings, based on a 2024 survey of 12 experts and over 92 workers at major ports, thereby clarifying the role and impact of factors in the digital transformation of seaports. Results indicate with the situation of Vietnam, People & Process dominates impact, followed by Technology & Data, with External Environment acting as an accelerator once foundations mature. Cai Mep –Thi Vai leads the sample, with Cat Lai, Hai Phong, Da Nang, and Quy Nhon following. Each table includes deeper interpretation and managerial implications, while worked examples demonstrate calculations and normalization.