Monocyte-Derived Chemokines in Immune Thrombocytopenia: Diagnostic and Pathogenic Insights from a Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

Aim: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder with incompletely understood immunopathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of monocyte-derived chemokines—CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL16—in newly diagnosed ITP patients, with a focus on their potential diagnostic and pathogenic relevance.Material and Methods: In a cross-sectional case-control design, 84 patients with primary ITP and 84 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Serum chemokine concentrations were measured using ELISA.Results: CCL4 levels were significantly elevated in ITP patients (p < 0.001) and emerged as an independent predictor (OR = 1.158, p = 0.005). CCL1 levels were moderately increased (p = 0.038), and CCL3 reached statistical significance after outlier correction (p = 0.015). No significant differences were observed for CCL16. The logistic regression model yielded an overall classification accuracy of 82.1%, with ROC analysis supporting the potential diagnostic utility of CCL4.Conclusion: CCL4 may serve as a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and immunological assessment of ITP. Although CCL1 and CCL3 also showed some associations with disease status, further research is needed to clarify their clinical significance. Chemokine profiling may enhance the understanding of ITP’s immune mechanisms and support clinical monitoring strategies.