Economic security as a foundation for sustainable development of the real sector: challenges and strategies in the new economic reality

The article examines the relationship between economic security and sustainable development of the real sector of the Russian economy in the context of structural transformation and adaptation to external shocks. Based on the analysis of official data from the Ministry of Economic Development, the Bank of Russia, and strategic documents, key threats to economic security are considered: slowing labor productivity growth, structural unemployment and informal employment, high interest rates, complicated foreign trade settlements, and sanctions pressure. Special attention is paid to the formation of mechanisms for ensuring economic security, including the creation of a system of long-term savings for citizens, the launch of the "sustainable bonds" mechanism, the development of Islamic banking and increasing the security of the banking system. Based on statistical data, two tables are presented that characterize the dynamics of GDP, labor productivity, unemployment, and the availability of credit resources for the real sector. It is concluded that there is a need to move from a reactive to a proactive model of ensuring economic security