Evaluation of the In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Cephalaria procera, Scorzonera tomentosa, and Hedwigia ciliata Extracts

The present study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of extracts obtained from Cephalaria procera, Scorzonera tomentosa, and Hedwigia ciliata, endemic plants specific to Türkiye, in vitro to develop new treatment options in veterinary medicine in the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The plant extracts were tested on various bacterial and fungal strains of clinical importance in veterinary medicine. To determine antibacterial efficacy, the extracts were tested using an agar dilution method; antifungal activity was assessed using a broth macrodilution technique. C. procera extract exhibited inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and E. coli at a concentration of 2.2 mg/mL; while S. tomentosa was found to be ineffective against bacteria at the highest concentrations used. C. procera and S. tomentosa showed limited antifungal activity against Microsporum canis at levels of 27.5 mg/mL and 16.25 mg/mL, respectively. H. ciliata was found to be ineffective against all tested microorganisms, even at the highest concentrations used. These findings indicate that the antimicrobial potential of these endemic plants unique to Türkiye is limited, but they could be considered as alternative treatment options through more comprehensive studies in the future by developing synergistic effects with different extracts.