Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among pensioners in three districts of Kigali City, Rwanda, 2023: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify associated factors among pensioners in three districts of Kigali City, Rwanda. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 220 pensioners aged ≥60 years in three districts of Kigali City between July 5 and August 20, 2023. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history (including HIV and diabetes), behavioral factors, anthropometry, and occupational stress were collected using a structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured. Hypertension was defined as the use of antihypertensive medication or an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with hypertension, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data were analyzed using STATA version 15.1, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among the 220 participants, 53.2% had hypertension, with a higher proportion among men (65.8%). HIV-positive participants had significantly higher odds of hypertension (AOR: 18.41, 95% CI: 3.23–104.93) compared to HIV-negative individuals. Participants with diabetes mellitus had higher odds of hypertension (AOR: 16.87, 95% CI: 1.59–178.84) compared to those without diabetes. Participants reporting occasional work-related stress had increased odds of hypertension (AOR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.20–7.02). Frequent work-related stress was also associated with higher odds of hypertension (AOR: 13.51, 95% CI: 2.21–82.83). Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of hypertension among urban pensioners in Kigali City, with HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, and occupational stress identified as associated factors. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, including HIV prevention, stress management, promotion of physical activity, and healthy lifestyle practices.