A Review of Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy

Abstract Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools in modern medicine due to their unique physicochemical properties, including small size, large surface area, and enhanced drug-loading capacity. In cancer therapy, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have gained significant attention for their ability to improve the targeted delivery of anticancer agents while reducing systemic toxicity and adverse side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. Various types of nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and dendrimers, have been extensively investigated for their therapeutic applications. These systems can enhance drug stability, bioavailability, and controlled release, thereby increasing treatment efficiency. Despite these advantages, several challenges remain, including potential toxicity, immune responses, limited clinical translation, and high production costs. Recent advances in nanotechnology and targeted therapy continue to improve the safety and effectiveness of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. Overall, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems represent a promising approach in cancer treatment and hold substantial potential for future clinical applications and personalized medicine.