From disruption to advantage: The role of E-supply chain management in enhancing corporate financial performance

Purpose This study investigates From Disruption to Advantage: The Role of E-Supply Chain Management in Enhancing Corporate Financial Performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q (TBQ) among 60 listed firms in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), from 2015 to 2024. Design/methodology/approach Using the System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) estimator, the analysis effectively addresses endogeneity, heterogeneity, and dynamic effects common in firm-level panel data. The results reveal that all four E-SCM dimensions exert a significant positive influence on financial performance, indicating that digital procurement, logistics automation, information sharing, and supplier collaboration collectively enhance operational efficiency and strategic competitiveness. Among control variables, firm size and capital intensity positively affect performance, while leverage negatively impacts financial outcomes; firm age remains insignificant. Findings These findings underscore that technological innovation and digital adaptability, rather than organizational maturity, are the key determinants of firm success in the digital era. The novelty of this study lies in integrating a multi-theoretical framework with a dynamic econometric approach, providing causal insights into how E-SCM capabilities function as endogenous drivers of growth. Practical implications The study contributes methodologically by applying disclosure-based digital capability measures and employing System GMM to capture the dynamic interplay between innovation and performance. Practically. Study limitations/implications The limitations and implications of the study are that it helps policy makers and managers to promote the digital transformation of the supply chain, enhance competitiveness, and promote sustainable economic diversification in emerging markets in the GCC, and the application may vary if the study community changes.