Is the compact-object lower mass gap a threshold? A logistic-gate description, a Bayesian assessment with current events, and a discrimination forecast

The dearth of compact objects between ~2.5 and ~5 solar masses (the "lower mass gap") is modelled phenomenologically as the transition region of a soft threshold, using a logistic three-state gate. With public LVK posterior samples of three firmly in-gap objects (GW190814, GW200210_092254, GW230529), a hierarchical Bayesian comparison yields a Bayes factor of approximately 3.9 favouring a monotonically decreasing gap profile over a flat one, after including a real, nearly-flat selection function computed from the official O3 injection campaign. The central result is negative and quantitative: at the data-implied steepness, roughly 1600 in-gap events would be needed to distinguish the gate from an ordinary falling power-law mass function at 3 sigma. Current data are consistent with, but cannot establish, a threshold structure; the required event count is reported as an honest testability forecast.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-06-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20854768
Primary Topic
Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Type
article
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article

Is the compact-object lower mass gap a threshold? A logistic-gate description, a Bayesian assessment with current events, and a discrimination forecast

Fabio Zander
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
article

Is the compact-object lower mass gap a threshold? A logistic-gate description, a Bayesian assessment with current events, and a discrimination forecast

Fabio Zander
article en

Abstract

The dearth of compact objects between ~2.5 and ~5 solar masses (the "lower mass gap") is modelled phenomenologically as the transition region of a soft threshold, using a logistic three-state gate. With public LVK posterior samples of three firmly in-gap objects (GW190814, GW200210_092254, GW230529), a hierarchical Bayesian comparison yields a Bayes factor of approximately 3.9 favouring a monotonically decreasing gap profile over a flat one, after including a real, nearly-flat selection function computed from the official O3 injection campaign. The central result is negative and quantitative: at the data-implied steepness, roughly 1600 in-gap events would be needed to distinguish the gate from an ordinary falling power-law mass function at 3 sigma. Current data are consistent with, but cannot establish, a threshold structure; the required event count is reported as an honest testability forecast.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
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Is the compact-object lower mass gap a threshold? A logistic-gate description, a Bayesian assessment with current events, and a discrimination forecast — Fabio Zander · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS