Fibrous and Amorphous Antarctic Krill Protein Aggregates for Iron Delivery: High Efficacy and Low Gastric Irritation in Iron Deficiency Anemia

. In the IDA model, FA-Fe restored hemoglobin, tissue iron stores, and iron homeostasis-related gene expression while mitigating gastric inflammation and oxidative stress, demonstrating superior biocompatibility. Thus, FA-Fe combines high efficacy with low gastrointestinal irritation, positioning structurally diverse Antarctic Krill protein aggregates as promising iron supplement carriers.