Seasonal changes and Diversity of butterfly species in Akola district, Maharashtra

Abstract This butterfly research work provides a comprehensive examination of butterfly diversity, population trends, and seasonal patterns in the Akola District of Maharashtra, India. The metamorphosis of butterfly is one of the most beautiful mysteries of nature. Butterflies are nature indicator of healthy ecosystem. Recognizing butterflies as vital indicators of ecological health and significant pollinators, a systematic two-year survey aimed to document species diversity, assess the impact of seasonal climatic changes on community composition, and evaluate the conservation status of the butterflies. This study is to explore the seasonal variations and species diversity of butterflies in the Akola District of Maharashtra, India. A detailed survey has been carried out over a period from January 2023 to December 2024. The entire area has been surveyed using the line transect and direct search methods. A total 86 species belonging to 6 families have been recorded. The maximum number of species belongs to family Nymphalidae (31 species), followed by Lycaenidae (21 species) and Pieridae (18 species). Seasonal variations showed marked differences in species, abundance and diversity. The time of maximum species richness and abundance was observed in the post-monsoonal September-November and late winter February periods, coinciding with host plant, nectar, and favorable climatic conditions. The hottest, driest summer April-May, with extreme weather conditions has least diversity. The data analysis highlights a significant influence of seasonal variation on butterfly abundance and diversity. The peak diversity and abundance occur during the post-monsoon period (September to November).