Antibiotics stimulate protein transfer to persister cells
The exchange of biological matter between bacterial cells drives adaptation and evolution. However, whether bacteria can exchange functional proteins remains unclear. In this work, we found that antibiotic treatment can induce vesicle-mediated horizontal protein transfer within and between bacterial species. We developed a genetic system in Escherichia coli to track transfer events and performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling on an isogenic population of bacteria. Antibiotics stimulated the differentiation of this isogenic population into distinct cell states: donor cells that activated a membrane stress response to release protein-containing vesicles and recipient cells that suppressed this response to acquire protein from their neighbors. Protein uptake enhanced the antibiotic persistence of recipient cells, revealing that vesicle exchange promotes bacterial survival during antibiotic treatment.
Authors
- X Wang
- Yi‐Wei Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-473X)
- Christophe Herman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-7907)
- Bo Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-879X)
- David A. Weitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-5208)
- Alice X Wen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3572-0481)
- Jerlene Halliday (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-0314)
- Laura Deus Ramirez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-6992)
- Katelin M. Hagstrom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-2551)
- Julia Bos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-4675)
- Shrawan Kumar Mageswaran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0803-7129)
- Debojyoti Panda
- Matthew Brandon Cooke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-2715)
- S Singh
- Kobie T. Welch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6201-8427)
- Antoinette E. Martinez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2411-0189)
Institutions
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Harvard University (US)
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Robert and Janice McNair Foundation (US)
- Neurological Research Institute (US)
- Texas Children's Hospital (US)
- Children's Cancer Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Science
- Published
- 2026-06-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx3972
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 10.74
Funders
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas
- National Institutes of Health