The Link Between Sleep Health Dimensions and Hypertension for Cardiovascular Health

Hypertension, a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is projected to contribute substantially to the global burden of cardiovascular health by 2050. Sleep has emerged as a potential factor in the prevention and management of hypertension. This review synthesizes recent evidence on the relationship between sleep health dimensions and hypertension, highlighting clinical significance, identifying gaps, and outlining future research directions. Prolonged sleep latency, greater wake after sleep onset, both short and long sleep duration, poor overall sleep quality, and reduced sleep efficiency are associated with a higher risk of hypertension. However, most studies are cross-sectional and rely primarily on subjective measures, often limited to sleep duration. A multidimensional approach to sleep health may reduce hypertension risk and improve blood pressure control. More longitudinal and intervention studies in varied populations are needed to develop tailored sleep health recommendations and guide clinical guidelines.