Experimental Evaluation of Fireground Communication Performance under Flame Conditions in Network-Controlled and Operational Environments

Communication among firefighters is essential for effective emergency responses. This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of flame conditions on communication performance. Signal attenuation at 700 MHz and 28 GHz was evaluated under controlled conditions, and the device reception performance was assessed under operational conditions. The results show that flame presence caused insertion loss differences of approximately 0.1-0.7 dB at 700 MHz and 0.73-0.75 dB at 28 GHz. Under operational conditions, the presence of a flame has a statistically significant effect on the average received signal strength of some devices. These findings provide fundamental data for improving fireground communication technology.