Siting and Sizing of Energy Storage Systems Considering Renewable Generation Uncertainties and Resilience Requirement

The rapid development of renewable energy generators (REGs) has increased the uncertainties and security risks in power systems. Furthermore, extreme weather conditions impose higher demands on the secure operation range of power systems. Energy storage systems (ESSs), with fast power regulation capability, can smooth fluctuations of REGs and mitigate risks of power deficits and power flow violations under extreme events. To this end, this paper proposes an ESS siting and sizing model that considers the economic efficiency, security, and resilience requirements. First, to overcome drawbacks of existing ESS planning methods that ignore the resilience requirement under extreme events and the strong nonlinearity of power flow entropy indicator reflecting system security margins, the loading rate balance (LRB) indicator is developed to describe the safety and resilience of transmission grid and is incorporated into the ESS planning model in a first-order dispersion form to keep the optimization model linear. Second, a coordinated ESS planning and dispatch optimization model is formulated to minimize the equivalent daily planning cost, daily dispatch cost, and LRB, subject to secure operation constraints of the power system under renewable generation uncertainties. Third, a sample average approximation -based chance-constrained approach is proposed in the ESS planning model to characterize the uncertainties of wind and solar power to avoid distributional dependence and the curse of dimensionality. Detailed simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed ESS planning method in terms of improving economic efficiency while ensuring system security and resilience.