High Levels of IgG Antibodies Against the Spike Antigen of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers in Kosovo

Introduction: From 12 March 2020, when the first cases of COVID-19 were registered in Kosovo, to 9 March 2023, there were a total of 273,310 reported cases of COVID-19 and 3211 reported deaths in Kosovo (CFR: 1.17%). Health care workers (HCWs) have been at a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection; nevertheless, data on seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs in Kosovo are very limited. Methodology: A cross-sectional serology study with 1654 healthcare professionals throughout Kosovo was conducted to determine the presence of antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, a structured questionnaire was administered to study participants to obtain basic demographic data, and information on prior infection and COVID-19 vaccination status. Results: Antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in almost all (99.8%) HCWs that participated in the study. The average antibody titer was 8030.8 AU/mL in women and 9533.7 AU/mL in men. Sixty-four percent of HCWs in this study reported prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, 6% of whom were hospitalized. Over 98% of study participants had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Conclusions: Almost all HCWs participating in the study had antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2. This is most probably the result of the high COVID-19 vaccination rate in Kosovo as well as infection with SARS-CoV-2.

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Publication Details

Journal
COVID
Published
2026-06-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/covid6070108
Primary Topic
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

High Levels of IgG Antibodies Against the Spike Antigen of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers in Kosovo

Sanije Gashi, Rina Hoxha, Isme Humolli, Besfort Kryeziu et al.
COVID
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
article

High Levels of IgG Antibodies Against the Spike Antigen of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers in Kosovo

Sanije Gashi, Rina Hoxha, Isme Humolli, Besfort Kryeziu, Xhevat Jakupi, Arsim Kurti, Norma P. Tavakoli, Donjeta Pllana Hajdari, Arlinda Jakupi, Nazmi Mehmeti, Berna Ibrahimi, Malësore Zogaj Thaqi, Agnesa Blakaj, Rubik Hajdari, Gylden Kreka
article en

Abstract

Introduction: From 12 March 2020, when the first cases of COVID-19 were registered in Kosovo, to 9 March 2023, there were a total of 273,310 reported cases of COVID-19 and 3211 reported deaths in Kosovo (CFR: 1.17%). Health care workers (HCWs) have been at a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection; nevertheless, data on seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs in Kosovo are very limited. Methodology: A cross-sectional serology study with 1654 healthcare professionals throughout Kosovo was conducted to determine the presence of antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, a structured questionnaire was administered to study participants to obtain basic demographic data, and information on prior infection and COVID-19 vaccination status. Results: Antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in almost all (99.8%) HCWs that participated in the study. The average antibody titer was 8030.8 AU/mL in women and 9533.7 AU/mL in men. Sixty-four percent of HCWs in this study reported prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, 6% of whom were hospitalized. Over 98% of study participants had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Conclusions: Almost all HCWs participating in the study had antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2. This is most probably the result of the high COVID-19 vaccination rate in Kosovo as well as infection with SARS-CoV-2.

COVIDVol. 6(7)
New York State Department of Health (US), Wadsworth Center (US), University of Rijeka (HR), Alma Mater Europaea (SI), Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (US), University at Albany, State University of New York (US), University Clinical Center of Kosovo (XK), University of Prishtina (XK)
World Health Organization
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
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