High Levels of IgG Antibodies Against the Spike Antigen of SARS-CoV-2 Among Health Care Workers in Kosovo
Introduction: From 12 March 2020, when the first cases of COVID-19 were registered in Kosovo, to 9 March 2023, there were a total of 273,310 reported cases of COVID-19 and 3211 reported deaths in Kosovo (CFR: 1.17%). Health care workers (HCWs) have been at a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection; nevertheless, data on seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs in Kosovo are very limited. Methodology: A cross-sectional serology study with 1654 healthcare professionals throughout Kosovo was conducted to determine the presence of antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, a structured questionnaire was administered to study participants to obtain basic demographic data, and information on prior infection and COVID-19 vaccination status. Results: Antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in almost all (99.8%) HCWs that participated in the study. The average antibody titer was 8030.8 AU/mL in women and 9533.7 AU/mL in men. Sixty-four percent of HCWs in this study reported prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, 6% of whom were hospitalized. Over 98% of study participants had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Conclusions: Almost all HCWs participating in the study had antibodies against the spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2. This is most probably the result of the high COVID-19 vaccination rate in Kosovo as well as infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Authors
- Sanije Gashi
- Rina Hoxha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8574-2069)
- Isme Humolli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-5322)
- Besfort Kryeziu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-0770)
- Xhevat Jakupi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-596X)
- Arsim Kurti
- Norma P. Tavakoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-820X)
- Donjeta Pllana Hajdari
- Arlinda Jakupi
- Nazmi Mehmeti
- Berna Ibrahimi
- Malësore Zogaj Thaqi
- Agnesa Blakaj
- Rubik Hajdari
- Gylden Kreka
Institutions
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- Wadsworth Center (US)
- University of Rijeka (HR)
- Alma Mater Europaea (SI)
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (US)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (US)
- University Clinical Center of Kosovo (XK)
- University of Prishtina (XK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- COVID
- Published
- 2026-06-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/covid6070108
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- World Health Organization