B-cell receptor signaling and transitional alveolar epithelial cell states in desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)

<title>Extract</title> Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), recently termed alveolar macrophage pneumonia (AMP) in the updated ERS/ATS classification, is a rare smoking-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by diffuse intra-alveolar macrophage accumulation and variable interstitial remodeling. [1] Although macrophage accumulation represents the defining histopathologic feature, the immune pathways and epithelial injury programs associated with DIP remain poorly characterized.