Quantitative Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste: Energy Potential Recovery Prediction in Yola, Adamawa State

This research has been done to determine the energy content via the physical composition of MSW and to determine the percentages of the individual components (waste type) in Yola. This study presents an analysis of the physical properties of MSW in Yola with the aim of evaluating its energy potential. Key physical parameters such as percentage waste composition, and calorific value were examined to determine their suitability for waste-to-energy conversion. Primary and secondary data findings indicate that MSW in Yola is predominantly composed of combustible materials, plastics, paper, and textiles, with varying moisture content that influences its combustion efficiency. From the outcome of the result, it showed that Plastic waste (63 %) had the highest percentage among other waste type (from the total weight of the waste types). The effective net calorific value of MSW in Yola was found to be approx. 13.647MJ/kg and an electrical energy recovery of about 758.17kWh/kg, suggesting moderate energy recovery potential suitable for thermal conversion technologies such as incineration. The study further highlights that effective segregation and pre-treatment of waste can significantly enhance its heating value and overall energy yield. Estimates from the data show that waste-to-energy systems in Yola could generate several megawatts of electricity if properly harnessed, contributing to the mitigation of energy shortages in the region. In conclusion, the physical characteristics of MSW in Yola demonstrate considerable potential as a renewable energy resource. However, optimizing this potential requires improved waste management practices, investment in modern conversion technologies, and policy support to ensure sustainable energy recovery and environmental protection in Adamawa State.