Feasibility of deep learning-accelerated ultrafast T1-weighted VIBE Dixon imaging of the pelvis for screening of metastases in prostate MRI

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the image quality and perceived diagnostic confidence of research deep learning (DL)-accelerated T1-weighted "volumetric interpolated breath‑hold examination" (VIBE) Dixon sequences compared to conventional T1-weighted VIBE Dixon sequences for the screening of pelvic metastases in prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients receiving prostate MRI between February and April 2024 were prospectively included. In addition to the conventional T1-weighted VIBE Dixon sequences (T1STD), two research DL-accelerated sequences (T1DL, T1DL FAST) with different acceleration were acquired. Three blinded radiologists assessed image quality and perceived diagnostic confidence on a Likert scale (from 1 = non-diagnostic to 5 = excellent). Signal homogeneity was measured for quantitative assessment. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were included, aged 68 ± 6.6 years (mean ± standard deviation). The DL-accelerated sequences had markedly shorter acquisition time (15 s and 45 s versus 143 s). Overall image quality was comparable or superior, with especially improved sharpness in contrast-enhanced imaging (median [interquartile range]: T1STD = 4 [3‒4] versus T1DL = 5 [5‒5] versus T1DL FAST = 4 [4‒5]; p < 0.001). Although a slight increase in artifacts and signal inhomogeneity was noted, the diagnostic confidence was equally excellent with a median score of 5 [5‒5] and with p values ranging from 0.276 to < 0.001. CONCLUSION: DL-accelerated T1-weighted VIBE Dixon imaging in prostate MRI is feasible and demonstrates good image quality and equally high perceived diagnostic confidence for pelvic metastases with a tremendously shorter acquisition time. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The availability of prostate MRI is significantly influenced by acquisition time. To meet the increasing demand for prostate MRI, DL-accelerated sequences provide faster and more efficient image reconstruction. KEY POINTS: DL-accelerated T1-weighted VIBE Dixon sequences in prostate MRI address the growing demand for rapid, high-quality imaging in prostate cancer assessment. DL-acceleration reduces sequence acquisition time from 143 s to 15 s without loss of image quality and perceived diagnostic confidence. DL-accelerated T1-weighted VIBE Dixon sequences enable more efficient, time-saving prostate MRI to increase availability and patient throughput.