Intermediary objects system: Strategies for structuring an ergonomic design approach

BackgroundIntermediary objects are widely used in ergonomics to support participatory design dynamics, but their combined use as interconnected systems remains underexplored. Understanding how different objects reinforce each other may help ergonomists to better act during the design process.ObjectiveThis article introduces the concept of Intermediary Objects System (IOS), defined as sets of representations employed by ergonomists across different stages of the design process.MethodsTwo case studies were analyzed: the design of biotechnology laboratories and an onshore collaborative center. In both cases, ergonomists used different sets of intermediary objects such as modified blueprints and scale models, complemented by additional tools, to stimulate discussions on work activity, engage users, and preserve project memory.ResultsFindings show that intermediary objects not only facilitated debates on work and collaborative problem-solving but also reinforced each other, creating a cumulative process of knowledge construction. This synergy allowed researchers to connect design decisions directly to work activity.ConclusionThe concept of Intermediary Objects System (IOS) broadens the understanding of intermediary objects in ergonomics and highlights their value in participatory design. By using multiple intermediary objects, ergonomists can mediate different types of interaction to debate work activity and accumulate understanding both for themselves and for the participants, thereby facilitating project discussions in participatory dynamics.