DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLIN-INFUSED PAPER

There is a need to improve the mechanical, optical and physical properties, as well as identify alternative sources of raw materials for paper in order to decrease deforestation, costs of manufacturing paper, and eventually lower the costs of paper. This study therefore explores the development and characterization of kaolin-infused paper using recycled paper pulp and kaolin as basic raw materials. Kaolin, a locally abundant clay mineral, was incorporated at varying levels to evaluate its influence on the mechanical, optical, and physical properties of paper. Paper sheets were produced with recycled pulp and different variations of kaolin and tested for tensile strength, grammage, water absorption, and microstructural characteristics using SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results show that moderate kaolin addition (3–6 wt%) improved tensile strength from 5.69 to 6.65 MPa before reducing as percentage of kaolin increased , stiffness also improved , and water absorption reduced from 286.6 to 196.65 g/m2. Excessive filler levels caused agglomeration and reduced mechanical integrity. XRD confirmed crystalline phases such as quartz and feldspar, indicating the mineral contribution of kaolin to the composite matrix. The findings demonstrate kaolin’s potential as a sustainable filler for improved paper properties when used at optimal levels. Combined with recycled pulp, this approach supports eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable paper production.