A scalable blockchain-based authentication framework for interoperable and regulatory-compliant cross-border transactions in IoT environments

Cross-border transactions with regulatory compliance have become conventional in the era of globalization. Transactions related to individuals, banking, technology, etc., are eased using Internet of Things (IoT) paradigms. Pervasive access and low interoperability due to improper administration of transaction terminals are significant problems in initiating and completing cross-border transactions. To address the problems, a novel Zero-knowledge proof Inter-Scalable Framework (ZISF) is proposed. This framework includes transaction authentication, Blockchain (BC), and a security generator to ensure security, scalability, and interoperability. The proposed framework consolidates these tasks to support diversified cross-border transactions with flexible regulatory compliance. The proposed ZISF framework achieved a 13.64% improvement in transaction throughput compared with CCMB under varying block-size and transaction-load conditions, while reducing processing latency by 13.79% relative to BETAC-IoT during miniature block scaling operations.