The Turkish version of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screener (BDDS-5): Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation

BackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition that is not widely recognized, despite being prevalent worldwide. It involves obsessions related to one's physical appearance, and there is no appropriate screening tool for it in Turkey.AimThe aim is to adapt the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screener (BDDS-5) for use in a Turkish cultural context, enabling the practical assessment of BDD.MethodsThis methodological study collected data between January and April 2025. The sample consisted of 405 young adults aged 19-29. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and examined using factor structure fit indices. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-13 (EDE-Q-13) was employed to evaluate convergent validity.ResultsAccording to the CFA results, the single-factor structure of the Turkish version of the BDDS-5 has been confirmed, and Cronbach's α has been determined as 0.88. A weak to moderate correlation was found between the EDE-Q-13 total score, the subfactors "shape and weight over-evaluation" and "body dissatisfaction," and the BDDS-5 total score.ConclusionThe BDDS-5 is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to screen BDD in young adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Turkey to adapt the BDDS-5 into Turkish, and the scale can serve as a valid and reliable guide for healthcare professionals and academic research.