Literature Review of Long-Term Sequelae and Modern Management of Infantile Hemangioma

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a benign vascular tumor that occurs in neonates. Cutaneous IHs that are left untreated can result in permanent scarring and residual lesions. The presence of multiple cutaneous IHs can suggest visceral involvement and may require further workup. Management strategies for IH have evolved over the years. Originally, only life-threatening IHs were treated; however, recent literature has expanded our knowledge and supports several treatment options to reduce long-term sequelae. This review highlights recent literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, complications, and treatment options for patients with IH. A PubMed literature search was performed using the keywords "infantile hemangioma", "residual lesion", and "sequelae", focusing on English-language articles published within the last 10 years.