Syagrus coronata fixed oil attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress and pulmonary alterations in L-arginine-induced pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition characterized by an intense systemic inflammatory response and increased oxidative stress, which may compromise distant organs such as the lungs. In this context, natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the fixed oil from Syagrus coronata in an experimental model of L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis was induced in mice by two intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine (8%, 4 g/kg). Animals were orally treated with Syagrus coronata fixed oil (ScFO) at doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg after disease induction. Serum biochemical parameters (amylase, lipase, and glucose), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), oxidative stress markers in lung tissue (MDA, SOD, and CAT), and histological alterations were evaluated. Pancreatitis induction significantly increased amylase, lipase, glucose, inflammatory cytokines, and lipid peroxidation, while reducing antioxidant enzyme activity in lung tissue. Treatment with ScFO at 50 mg/kg reduced amylase (35.12%), lipase (40.74%), and glucose levels (20.24%), whereas the 100 mg/kg dose produced reductions of 56.44%, 59.26%, and 30.95%, respectively. Decreases in IL-1β (32.05% and 52.56%), IL-6 (31.34% and 52.99%), and TNF-α (29.55% and 50%) were also observed at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. In lung tissue, the oil reduced MDA levels by 34.78% and 54.71% and increased SOD and CAT activity at higher doses. The 25 mg/kg dose showed no significant effect. These findings indicate that ScFO exerts a protective effect in experimental pancreatitis by reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, particularly at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg.