<scp>CT</scp> ‐confirmed complete duplication of the renal pelvis and ureter in a dog

A 10-year-old spayed female French Bulldog was referred for a gingival mass. Physical examination and laboratory tests were unremarkable. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed for routine staging. Abdominal CT demonstrated two separate renal pelves within the right kidney, each giving rise to an independent ureter. The ureters coursed separately to the urinary bladder. The ureter arising from the cranial renal pelvis showed slightly lower attenuation within its contrast-enhanced lumen than the ureter arising from the caudal renal pelvis. Proximally, the cranial-pelvis ureter was positioned dorsomedial to the other ureter, at the mid-portion, it crossed to a more ventrolateral position, and distally, it lay dorsal to the other ureter. Both ureters terminated independently at an anatomically normal, separate right ureterovesical junction within the urinary bladder, consistent with complete ureteral duplication. There was no renal pelvic or ureteral dilatation. Multiple renal parenchymal mineralisation in both kidneys (up to 1.5 mm in diameter) was noted. Complete duplication of the renal pelvis and ureter is considered extremely rare in dogs, and most veterinary literature describes partial duplication, ectopic insertion, and/or associated clinical signs. CT enabled a definitive imaging diagnosis of complete duplication. The diagnosis was CT-based; no surgical or post mortem confirmation was available. As the dog remained clinically normal, no intervention was indicated. This case highlights the utility of CT in detecting asymptomatic congenital anomalies of the urinary tract (Fig 1). The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. ChatGPT (OpenAI) was used only for spelling, grammar, and English language editing. The case report was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the authors' institution (approval number: 260202-11).