[5,5]-Fused Anhydride, Thioanhydride, and Imide Derivatives of Cyclopentadienyl Complexes: Electronic Effects of Mn(CO)3 and Ru(Cp*) Fragments
A new approach to 5,5-fused heterocyclic derivatives of cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl and pentamethylruthenocene is presented. 1,2-Dicarbophenoxycyclopentadienyl complexes of manganese and ruthenium were hydrolyzed to 1,2-dicarboxylic acids. Oxalyl chloride converted the acids to chlorocarbonyls, which reacted with bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide to give the cyclopentadienyl-fused thioanhydrides. Alternatively, dehydration of the diacids with trifluoroacetic anhydride closed the diacids to cyclopentadienyl-fused anhydrides. Treatment of the anhydrides with p-toluidine followed by oxalyl chloride led to cyclopentadienyl-fused carboxylic imides. This approach enables direct comparison of electron-deficient Mn(CO)3 and electron-rich Ru(Cp*) coordination environments on the 5,5-fused heterocycles. Spectroscopic data reveal systematic downfield NMR shifts and higher infrared carbonyl stretching frequencies for the manganese complexes, consistent with lower electron density in the Mn(CO)3 compared to Ru(Cp*). Crystallographic analyses confirm that heterocycle fusion occurs without significant perturbation of the metal–cyclopentadienyl geometry. Comparative analysis across the series demonstrates that metal-dependent effects are primarily electronic rather than structural, with the Mn(CO)3 and Ru(Cp*) fragments modulating electron distribution within the fused ligand framework.
Authors
- Uttam R. Pokharel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7819-4851)
- Sean Parkin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-3918)
- John P. Selegue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-9474)
Institutions
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of Houston - Clear Lake (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Crystals
- Published
- 2026-06-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16070409
- Primary Topic
- Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00