Quantifying building-level benefits of Vehicle-to-Home with photovoltaic: a high-resolution parametric study with corrected KPIs

This paper quantifies how Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) operation influences building-level self-sufficiency (SS) and self-consumption (SC) in a photovoltaic (PV)-equipped residence using an electric vehicle (EV) battery as flexible storage. A minute-resolution, year-long TRNSYS model coupled with Python automation enables a large parametric study (430 annual simulations) covering five PV azimuths, seven EV availability schedules, three daily mileage levels, and two state-of-charge (SOC) constraint settings, with V2H disabled/enabled and benchmark cases without storage and with a 75-kWh stationary battery. To avoid overestimating V2H benefits due to additional EV driving demand, corrected SS and SC are introduced to isolate the storage contribution from mobility-related consumption. Results show that EV availability timing is the dominant factor. Relative to the no-storage case, corrected building-level SS improves by approximately 3 to 12% points and corrected SC by approximately 2 to 24% points, mainly depending on availability and mileage. Higher mileage substantially reduces V2H benefits, with corrected SC and SS gains decreasing from approximately 20 and 10% points at 28 km/day to approximately 8 and 4% points at 160 km/day, respectively. SOC constraints exert only a minor influence, reducing corrected indicators by less than 1% point, while PV azimuth has a limited annual effect (≤ 2% points on SS and ≤ 1.4% points on SC). Overall, V2H improves SS and SC across all scenarios but remains below the performance of an equivalent-capacity stationary battery.