A Disclosure-Based Method for Measuring Non-Financial Evidence Infrastructure: N4/N5 Axes, ΔN, and Multi-Provider LLM Scoring

This preprint documents a disclosure-based research method for measuring the maturity of non-financial evidence infrastructure in corporate sustainability disclosures. The framework introduces two scoring axes — N4 (Business-Environment Integration) and N5 (Governance Integration, 0–5) — alongside ΔN (year-over-year score difference), four regression type classifications (Target Retreat, Governance Retreat, Narrative Retreat, Broad Deterioration), and a multi-provider LLM consensus scoring pipeline using four major AI providers. A six-firm FY2025–FY2026 pilot on Japanese listed companies validates the pipeline and illustrates the source-mismatch failure mode that makes ΔN uninterpretable when the underlying document type changes between years. The purpose of this note is to document the research methodology transparently and to provide a reproducible, citable reference in the domain of AI-assisted sustainability disclosure evaluation. The method is disclosure-based and does not depend on any specific company, product, patent, or proprietary system.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-06-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20821826
Primary Topic
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Type
preprint
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preprint

A Disclosure-Based Method for Measuring Non-Financial Evidence Infrastructure: N4/N5 Axes, ΔN, and Multi-Provider LLM Scoring

Hiroyuki Kokubu
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
preprint

A Disclosure-Based Method for Measuring Non-Financial Evidence Infrastructure: N4/N5 Axes, ΔN, and Multi-Provider LLM Scoring

Hiroyuki Kokubu
preprint en

Abstract

This preprint documents a disclosure-based research method for measuring the maturity of non-financial evidence infrastructure in corporate sustainability disclosures. The framework introduces two scoring axes — N4 (Business-Environment Integration) and N5 (Governance Integration, 0–5) — alongside ΔN (year-over-year score difference), four regression type classifications (Target Retreat, Governance Retreat, Narrative Retreat, Broad Deterioration), and a multi-provider LLM consensus scoring pipeline using four major AI providers. A six-firm FY2025–FY2026 pilot on Japanese listed companies validates the pipeline and illustrates the source-mismatch failure mode that makes ΔN uninterpretable when the underlying document type changes between years. The purpose of this note is to document the research methodology transparently and to provide a reproducible, citable reference in the domain of AI-assisted sustainability disclosure evaluation. The method is disclosure-based and does not depend on any specific company, product, patent, or proprietary system.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Kansai University (JP)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
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