Psychosocial and behavior correlates of early pornography exposure in children

Background: The early and often unintentional exposure of children to pornographic material has raised growing developmental and public health concerns, particularly given the increasing prevalence of unsupervised digital access. Methods: We used baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to examine psychological, behavioral, and demographic correlates of pornography use among 11,455 children aged 9-10 years. Children were classified as exposed to pornography based on parent-reported access within the past two weeks. Pornography exposure was assessed via parent report. Results: Compared to the parent-reported non-exposure group, parent-reported exposed children were significantly more likely to have screen time above the recommended amount by the American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations. Children exposed were significantly more likely to be male, Black, and from lower-income households. Exposed children also exhibited higher rates of diagnosed mental health conditions, including ADHD, anxiety, and depression, as well as elevated screen time, disobedience, and perfectionism. Discussion: These findings suggest early pornography exposure may be associated with increased screen time usage and both internalizing and externalizing risk patterns during a critical stage of cognitive and emotional development. The observed disparities by screen time, race, gender, and income highlight the role of broader structural and environmental factors in shaping risk. These results underscore the importance of content-specific digital regulation, parental monitoring, and developmentally tailored interventions. Future longitudinal research is needed to assess long-term outcomes and evaluate the potential protective impact of early clinical or behavioral interventions.