The entanglement wedge polygon

A bstract In this work we consider a particular codimension-one region of a holographic spacetime which we call the entanglement wedge polygon (EWP). For a pure state and a partition of the boundary into a number of regions A i the EWP is defined as the region with maximal volume external to all the individual homology regions $$ {r}_{A_i} $$ r A i which consist of the intersection of the entanglement wedge EW( A i ) with the time slice. In three dimensions, when the EWP has constant curvature as in vacuum AdS 3 and BTZ spacetime, its volume is topological as a direct consequence of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The topological nature is lost in the time-dependent covariant case and in the presence of an end-of-the-world brane. In higher dimensions we make progress by considering a number of concrete examples including vacuum, black brane, and soliton solutions of AdS d +1 as well as spacetime geometries with end-of-the-world branes dual to boundary conformal field theories. We provide a suitable generalization to mixed states and comment on possible connections between the EWP and measures of multi-partite entanglement.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of High Energy Physics
Published
2026-11-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep11(2026)071
Citations
5
Primary Topic
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
4.24

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article

The entanglement wedge polygon

Tadashi Takayanagi B, Jonathan Harper, Nicolò Zenoni, Kosei Fujiki
5 citations
Journal of High Energy Physics
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
4.24
article

The entanglement wedge polygon

Tadashi Takayanagi B, Jonathan Harper, Nicolò Zenoni, Kosei Fujiki
article en
5 citations

Abstract

A bstract In this work we consider a particular codimension-one region of a holographic spacetime which we call the entanglement wedge polygon (EWP). For a pure state and a partition of the boundary into a number of regions A i the EWP is defined as the region with maximal volume external to all the individual homology regions $$ {r}_{A_i} $$ r A i which consist of the intersection of the entanglement wedge EW( A i ) with the time slice. In three dimensions, when the EWP has constant curvature as in vacuum AdS 3 and BTZ spacetime, its volume is topological as a direct consequence of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The topological nature is lost in the time-dependent covariant case and in the presence of an end-of-the-world brane. In higher dimensions we make progress by considering a number of concrete examples including vacuum, black brane, and soliton solutions of AdS d +1 as well as spacetime geometries with end-of-the-world branes dual to boundary conformal field theories. We provide a suitable generalization to mixed states and comment on possible connections between the EWP and measures of multi-partite entanglement.

Journal of High Energy PhysicsVol. 2026(11)
Kyoto University (JP), Inamori Foundation (JP), Case Western Reserve University (US)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Openalex Percentile: Top 6%
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
4.24
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