Parameter Design and Road Performance Evaluation of Fluid Mastic Asphalt Mixtures with Wide-Range Asphalt Content

Based on the principle of filling the voids in aggregate with fluid mastic, this paper proposed the FMA-13 with six different asphalt–aggregate ratios (6.0%, 7.0%, 8.0%, 9.0%, 10.0%, and 13.6%). Through the one-sided compaction test, the compaction times of FMA-13 were determined. Based on the Schellenberg asphalt leakage test, the sieve method is proposed to measure the fluidity of asphalt mastic in the fluid mastic asphalt (FMA) mixture. In addition, the high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, water damage resistance, and skid resistance durability of FMA-13 were tested. The test results showed that the air voids inside the FMA-13 are much smaller than those detected by the surface-dry condition method. The internal air voids of FMA-13 are less than 1%. Sieving-based fluidity ≥0.2% satisfied requirements of mastic’s fluidity for filling the void of aggregates. The rutting test shows that the dynamic stability of FMA-13 is flat when the asphalt–aggregate ratio is from 7.0% to 9.0%, and the high-temperature stability is excellent. After the asphalt–aggregate ratio is more than 9%, the skeleton stability decreases slightly due to the reduction of fine aggregate, but the antirutting requirements are still met in extreme cases (the asphalt–aggregate ratio is 13.6%). With the increase of asphalt–aggregate ratio, the maximum bending tensile strain increases, and the low temperature crack resistance improves significantly (more than two times of a traditional mixture). The residual stability of different FMA-13 was 99%, which confirmed their excellent resistance to water damage. However, it also highlights that the sensitivity of the existing methods is insufficient and needs to develop a more accurate evaluation system. Although the skid resistance of thick asphalt film is limited at the initial stage, its advantage of texture depth based on filling degree design appears after 150,000 times, and its skid resistance durability is better than that of asphalt concrete (AC)-13 and stone mastic asphalt (SMA)-13.