Sensitive pertinent parametric analysis for magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective flow of hybrid nanofluid with Joule heating

The current analysis involves the combined convection of aluminium oxide (Al2O3), silver (Ag) hybrid non-magnetic particles, and base fluid water (H2O) flowing over a solid horizontal circular cylinder with magnetohydrodynamic and Joule heating effects. The system of partial differential equations governing flow and heat transfer in a hybrid nanofluid has been derived. These equations have been solved using the Keller–Box technique, while Response Surface Methodology has been employed to optimize flow problems by identifying sensitive parameters. The numerical results are presented in terms of the Nusselt number (Re−12Nu) and skin friction coefficient (Re12Cf). It has been observed that Eckert number and Joule heating parameter increase Re12Cf by up to 30% and decrease Re−12Nu by up to 40%. The magnetic parameter reduces Re12Cf by 15% at the maximum ξ value. Sensitivity analysis reveals that Re12Cf is most negatively affected by magnetic parameter, while Re−12Nu is most negatively affected by Eckert number and Joule heating parameter.