Promoting Brain Health in the Context of Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Tutorial

Purpose: There are significant opportunities for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to play important roles in the primary and secondary prevention of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) beyond current practices. This tutorial, developed by members of the Joint Committee on Interprofessional Relations between the American Psychological Association and the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, is intended to support SLPs in these efforts and to facilitate collaboration between SLPs and neuropsychologists. Method: This tutorial synthesizes interdisciplinary literature on cognitive aging, ADRD, public health, clinical psychology, speech-language pathology, and motivational interviewing. Results: We provide an evidence-based overview of cognitive aging, ADRD, modifiable aspects of brain health, and practical strategies for engaging with middle-age and older adults to promote brain health across the lifespan. Conclusions: While discussions about cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia have long been avoided, stigmatized, and demoralizing, there is much more to be positive about than in the past. Forty-five percent or more cases of dementia can be delayed or prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors across the lifespan, and brain health and resilience can be improved at any age. As the population ages worldwide, it will require SLPs and neuropsychologists working together and with other helping professions to raise awareness, contribute to public health initiatives, advocate for reimbursement for efficacious services, and educate and motivate their clients to improve brain health. Even small effects in the primary and secondary prevention of dementia can translate into significant personal and societal outcomes.