Olam agri’s green dilemma: CSR promises and deforestation realities in Gabon

Research methodology This case was developed from secondary data sources, including company reports (e.g. Olam Group Annual and Sustainability Reports, 2016–2025), non-governmental organization (NGO) investigations (e.g. Greenpeace Africa, 2025; Mighty Earth, 2016), government documents (e.g. Gabon Ministry of Forests, 2024 Forest Code), industry audits (e.g. RSPO certification summaries, 2016–2025) and media articles (e.g. Reuters, 2023; The Africa Report, 2025). Financial and operational data were compiled from public disclosures. Tables 1 and 2 (from the case study) were synthesized by the author from these sources for pedagogical clarity. Video and image links provided in the case (e.g. Olam’s YouTube talk and Getty Images) enhance multimedia analysis without requiring additional permissions. Case overview/synopsis In 2021, Olam Agri committed to zero deforestation in its palm oil supply chain by 2025. Yet in early 2025, Greenpeace Africa revealed that approximately 12,000 hectares of High Carbon Stock forest had been cleared in its Gabon concession (Mouila region) between 2023 and 2025. This led to a suspension of expansion permits by Gabon’s Ministry of Forests (under the 2024 Forest Code) and strong criticism from NGOs, communities, investors and buyers. Olam Palm Gabon, a 60:40 joint venture with the Gabonese government, manages 202,654 hectares (63,000 planted), employs over 10,000 people, and generates significant revenue while investing approximately US$15m annually in corporate social responsibility (CSR) (schools, clinics, GRAINE smallholder scheme). Despite these efforts, issues persist incomplete traceability (80% to plantations), free, prior and informed consent concerns, and a gap between sustainability pledges and operational reality. CEO Sunny Verghese faces a critical choice: how to restore credibility, comply with the EU Deforestation Regulation, and balance growth with genuine responsibility in a high-risk emerging market. Complexity academic level This case is ideal for BBA and MBA courses in Business Ethics, CSR and Sustainability, Strategic Management, International Business and Environmental Governance. It suits discussions on ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) frameworks in agribusiness or emerging markets.